Volume 25, Number 2 2024

Editor's pages

Why Countries Retain Membership in International Trade Institutions Abstract | Full Text

Articles 

Legalism Versus Diplomacy in Regional Agreements in Western Balkans Given a 'Spaghetti Bowl' of Initiatives Abstract | Full Text

Past issues

Editor's pages

Great Leaps Forward and GATT Article XVII Abstract | Full Text

Articles

China’s Belt and Road Initiative – Implications for Air Transport Abstract | Full Text

Editor's pages

Becalmed: The World Trade Organization at Not Yet Thirty By William A. Kerr Abstract | Full Text  

Articles

Structural Change, Trade and Development: Agrifood and Aquaculture in Bangladesh By Sangeeta Khorana and May T. Yeung Abstract | Full Text  

Enhancing Trade Facilitation in Guyana: The Case for Improved Inter-Agency Coordination By Kim Stephen and Dianna DaSilva-Glasgow Abstract | Full Text  

Rules of the Air and Rules of the Sea – A Study in Semantics By Ruwantissa Abeyratne Abstract | Full Text  

Editor's pages

Fostering the Green Economy - Any Lessons from the Protectionist Past? By William A. Kerr Abstract | Full Text  

Articles

Platform Annexation and Multi Homing in Air Transport – Some Emerging Perspectives by Ruwantissa Abeyratne Abstract | Full Text  

Interpreting "Necessary": Balancing Trade Liberalization and Regulatory Autonomy by Rohan Pillai Abstract | Full Text

Editor's pages

Uncorked?: The Dynamic Interaction Between the Global Markets for Wine and Corks by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full Text  

Articles

Efficacy of Labour Provisions within Trade Agreements: Case Studies of the U.S-Cambodia Bilateral Trade Agreement and the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement by Pierre-Luc Morin Abstract | Full Text

A Tariffying Thought: Imposing Tariffs on US Apparel Imports from China by Bing Liu, Daren Hudson and Jon Devine Abstract | Full Text

Food Security, Agriculture and Policy Making: When Believing is Not Enough by May T. Yeung Abstract | Full Text

Editor's pages

The Rules of Trade in the Face of Long Running Disequilibrium by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

AMS and the Agreement on Agriculture: The World Trade Organization’s Flawed Treatment of Domestic Subsidization by Milan Singh-Cheema Abstract | Full text

Vertical Price Transmission in the Canadian Beef Industry: Does the Canada-US Exchange Rate Matter?
by 
Jiaping Fan Analyst, Seeyii Data Science and Technologies Co., Ltd., China
Sven Anders Professor, Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Canada
Feng Qiu Associate Professor, Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Canada. 
Abstract | Full Text

Spadotto, Nicole, Faculty of Law, McGill University, Canada Abstract | Full Text

Editor's pages

Generalized System of Preferences and Graduation: Is there a Parallel with Infant Industries? by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Country Classification Reform and Stalled Negotiations in the World Trade Organization – How to Break the Stalemate? by Lara Nachkebia Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Dispute Settlement – Or Not? by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

A TWAIL Perspective on WTO’s Trade Facilitation Agreement by N. Bafna Abstract | Full text

On the Obituary of the Doha Round: A Path for Reinventing the WTO’s Future by Destaw A. Yigzaw Abstract | Full text

Temporary Barriers and Local Industry Defense: Where does Guyana stand? Where Should It Head? by Dianna DaSilva-Glasgow Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Are the Benefits of Trade No Longer Sufficient? by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Aviation and the Internet – Some Legal and Economic Issues by Ruwantissa Abeyratne Abstract | Full text

The Turkish FTA Puzzle by Philippe De Lombaerde and Ilya Ulyanov Abstract | Full text

Editor's page

“Aggressive Unilateralism” – The New Focus of US Trade Policy by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Revisiting the Debate on Trade in Energy Goods by Timothy Kyepa Abstract | Full text

When Anti-dumping Meets Antitrust: Brazil’s Innovative Experience Analyzing Public Interest in Commercial Defense Investigations by Simone Cuiabano Abstract | Full text 

Editor's page

Loopholes, Legal Interpretations and Game Playing: Whither the WTO without the Spirit of the GATT? by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Regional Trade Agreements in the Atlantic Region: The Path to Global Trade Governance? by Sangeeta Khorana, Nicholas Perdikis and Steven McGuire Abstract | Full text

Megatrends Affecting Air Transport — Connecting the Dots by Ruwantissa Abeyratne Abstract | Full text

The Promise of Transparency: Stakeholder Views on Changes to the EU Trade Negotiation Process by Linda Young and Rania Ampntel Chafiz Abstract | Full text

Economic Openness, Monetary Integration and Trade Specialization: Evidence from the EA-China Trade by Dimitrios Karkanis and Myrsini Fotopoulou Abstract | Full text

Editor's Pages

China, the United States and the Rules of Trade by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

A Preliminary Analysis of the Effects of China’s Cotton Tariff on the Chinese and U.S. Cotton Markets by Bing Liu and Darren Hudson Abstract | Full text

Changes in Canada’s Preferential Trade Network and the Welfare Effects in Agricultural Markets by Pascal L. Ghazalian and Bahareh Mosadegh Sedghy Abstract | Full text

Editor's Pages

Eliminating the Constraints on Trade Policy – The Strategy that Underpins US Negotiations in the Trump Administration by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Competition in Air Transport and Equality of Opportunity by Ruwantissa Abeyratne Abstract | Full text

EU–New Zealand FTA: What Are the Implications for Ruminant Meat Industries? by Irena Obadovic Abstract | Full text

Reflections on Exclusivity and Termination of Commercial Agency in Jordan: The Intertwining of Domestic Regulation and International Trade Law by Bashar H. Malkawi Abstract | Full text

Editor's Pages

Dismantling Trade Agreements: Why Is It so Difficult? by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Is the Protection of Traditional Knowledge Feasible under Intellectual Property Law and Other International Regimes? by Alex Ansong  Abstract | Full text

Towards a Meta Cost-benefit Analysis: The Case of Brexit by Aurelien Portuese  Abstract | Full text

Non-tariff Barriers to Trade: What Does the Experience of Guyanese Exporters of Food and Agriculture Products Reveal? by Diana DaSilva Glasgow and Roger Hosein  Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Genomics, International Trade and Food Security by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Toward Model Code of Corporate Governance for Public Bodies: A Case from the Caribbean by Dr. Vindel L. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Recent Trends in Chinese Merchandise Imports (2000-2015): Taking the Puzzle Apart by Dr. Dimitrios Karkanis Abstract | Full text

Application of the Theory of Contracts to Open Skies Agreements in Air Transport by Ruwantissa Abeyratne Abstract | Full text

Defining the Contours of the Public Morals Exception under rticle XX of the GATT 1994 by Bader Bakhit M. AlModarra Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Seeking “Better” Trade Deals: Is There Anything Beyond Good Slogans? by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Trade Effects of the EU–Korea Free Trade Agreement: A Comparative Analysis of Expected and Observed Outcomes by Virág Forizs and Lars Nilsson Abstract | Full text

The Law of Subsidies in Air Transport Services by Ruwantissa Abeyratne Abstract | Full text

The World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement and Post-Clearance Audit – What Are the Benefits and Challenges? by R. Jim Clark Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Disequilibrium, Trade and the Consequences of Adjustment by William A Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

The Legal and International Trade Implications of Regulatory Lags in GM Crop Approvals by Martin Phillipson and Stuart Smyth Abstract | Full text

Special Section - Guest Editor Martin Phillipson

Regulatory Impacts on Trade in Products of Biotechnology – the Issues by Martin Phillipson Abstract | Full text

Regulatory System Impacts on Global GM Crop Adoption Patterns by Savannah Gleim, Stuart J. Smyth and Peter W.B. Phillips Abstract | Full text

Zen and the Art of Attaining Conceptual and Implementation Clarity: Socio-economic Considerations, Biosafety and Decision-making by José Falck-Zepeda, Stuart J. Smyth and Karinne Ludlow Abstract | Full text

Consistency of Assessment of Socio-Economic Considerations under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety with Other International Obligations by Karinne Ludlow, Stuart J. Smyth and José Falck-Zepeda Abstract | Full text

The Costs of Regulatory Delays for Genetically Modified Crops by Stuart J. Smyth, José Falck-Zepeda and Karinne Ludlow Abstract | Full text

Articles

NME Status in Anti-dumping Proceedings: A Revision under WTO Law and Practice by Ly Van Anh and Ngo Thi Trang Abstract | PDF

Editor's pages

The WTO and Food Aid: Food Security and Surplus Disposal in the 2015 Ministerial Decision on Export Competition by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Trade Defense Actions in Arab Countries’ Free Trade Agreements with the U.S.: The Case of Safeguards by Bashar H. Malkawi Abstract | Full text

The Brexit Trade Disruption Revisited by Andreas Hatzigeorgiou and Magnus Lodefalk Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Governance of International Trade in Genetically Modified Organisms: Is Future Global Food Security at Risk? by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Reflections on the India-Agricultural Products Dispute in the Light of "Risk Assessment" and the SPS Agreement: Why Has India Failed so Miserably? by Saloni Khanderia-Yadav Abstract | Full text

Caution Restructuring: The New Restrictive Jurisdictional Approach of ICSID Tribunals by Alexandra Neacsu Monkhouse Abstract | Full text

Trademark Claims in Internet Domain Names: Applicable Disputes and Enforcement of Panel Decisions under the ICANN Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy by Alex Ansong Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Food Security, Strategic Stockholding and Trade-Distorting Subsidies: Is There a Permanent Solution? by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Cross-Border Labour Mobility in the Windsor-Detroit Region: The Case of Nurses by Dr. Sarah Dunphy Abstract | Full text

Corporate Governance in Jamaica, with a Focus on GraceKennedy Limited by Monifa Crawford Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Food Security and Trade: Some Supply Conundrums for 2050 by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

The Online Gambling Conflict: Antigua & Barbuda vs. The United States by Monifa Crawford Abstract | Full text

Are the WTO's Rules of Origin Turning Archaic as a Result of Trade in Value-Added? by Saloni Khanderia Yadav Abstract | Full text

Special Section on Preferential Trade Agreements – Guest Editor Ryan Cardwell

Madly Off in All Directions - The Pursuit of Preferential Trade Agreements by North American Governments by Ryan Cardwell Abstract | Full text

A Transatlantic Free Trade Deal: Implications for Food and Agricultural Policy by Tim Josling Abstract | Full text

North American Agricultural Trade Policy: Are Super-Regionalism and Deeper Regional Integration the "Next Big Thing" after NAFTA? by Steven Zahniser and Adriana Herrera Moreno Abstract | Full text

Articles

Confronting the Investor-State Dispute Settlement Controversy by Lawrence L. Herman Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Bali High or Bali Low: Is a Piecemeal Approach the Way Forward for the WTO? by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

GATS and Retail Services: India Perspective by Anindita Jaiswal Abstract | Full text | Technical Annex

Regional Trade Agreements with Non-WTO Members and the Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment Obligation: Are They Compatible? by Dmytro Galagan Abstract | Full text

Trade and Environment: A New Direction for Green Trade by Linda J. Allen Abstract | Full text | Technical Annex

Changing Agro-food Export Composition and SPS Compliance: Lessons for Mauritius by Harris Neeliah and Shalini Amnee Neeliah Abstract | Full text

Editor's pages

Negotiating in Disequilibrium: Can a Trans-Pacific Partnership be Achieved as Potential Partners Proliferate? by William A. Kerr Abstract | Full text

Articles

Exploring Aviation Rivalries within the Legal Context of the WTO by Christina Fattore Abstract | Full text

Passing of Property in Goods in Contracts of International Sale of Goods by Richard Kayibanda Abstract | Full text

International Economic Law, and Institutions in Developing Countries by Tae Jung Park Abstract | Full text

Retaliation under the WTO Agreement: The “Sequencing Problem” by Sergei Gorbylev and Milica Novaković Abstract | Full text

Creating WTO Law by Stealth: GSP Conditionalities and the EC – Tariff Preferences Case by Alex Ansong Abstract | Full text

Previous issues

All previous issues of the journal – from Vol. 1, Issue 1 to the penultimate issue are archived on AgEconSearch here.

About the journal

The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy is a venue for the exchange of ideas pertaining to the international commercial and its legal environment. It publishes high quality scholarly research to stimulate dialogue and debate on both topics of current interest to the international community and longer-standing issues of international relations. To ensure the timely and widespread dissemination of research, the Journal is published solely in an electronic (web based) format. 

The Journal encourages scholars and practitioners to submit papers for consideration for publication on any aspect of international law or trade policy pertaining to the international commercial environment. From time to time the Journal will publish special issues on particular topics and individuals with proposals for special issues should contact the editor.

The Journal aims to be truly cross-disciplinary and publishes articles which are accessible to all those who have an interest in the international commerce and its legal environment.  

The Editorial Advisory Board of the The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy is comprised of individuals selected for their expertise in matters relating to international law and trade policy. The primary role of the members of the editorial advisory board is to assist in the process of ensuring that The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy consistently publishes material of a high scholarly standard and is editorially independent. The editor of the Journal may, from time to time, seek the advice of the members on issues of editorial policy. Members of the editorial advisory board may contact the editor at any time to discuss ideas or concerns pertaining to the Journal. The members are encouraged to take an active interest in the Journal through submissions of their scholarly work, the review of manuscripts and informing those with an interest in international law and trade policy of the Journal’s activities.  

The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy encourages authors to submit original scholarly manuscripts on any aspect of international law, trade policy or other areas of international relations that pertain directly to the international commercial environment. Authors from the legal profession, international organizations, governments and the private sector as well as those from the academic community are encouraged to submit their research.

To ensure that The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy publishes research of the highest quality, all manuscripts will be double blind reviewed (neither the reviewers not the authors will be informed of the others’ identity). To ensure that publication takes place in a timely manner, all aspects of the editorial process – manuscript submission, review, correspondence and manuscript preparation will be done electronically. In keeping with the policy of timely publication, reviewers are asked either to accept or reject manuscripts as submitted. While reviewers may choose to make comments for the authors, there will be no process for revising and re-submitting manuscripts. All editorial decisions are final. The editor, however, can ask for changes which will improve the manuscript’s accessibility and readability.

The objective of The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy is to be interdisciplinary and accessible to a wide audience. It is also aware that excellent research may require complex theoretical development, extensive background material and evidence or the articulation of arguments of logic. To serve both these aspects of scholarly research, the Journal requires that all submitted manuscripts be in the form of a short and complete readable paper (approximately 3600-4500 words). In addition, authors are encouraged to also provide a Scholarly Annex to their submission that includes the more formal research which supports the paper. The Journal will review and publish both the paper and the Scholarly Annex.

To facilitate referencing and reporting, the Journal will be organized in volumes and issues, but in keeping with timely publication and the electronic format, manuscripts will be published immediately upon final acceptance. Volumes and issues will be closed by calendar dates and new volumes and issues opened concurrently.  

The Journal will also publish special issues on a particular topic from time to time. Individuals with topics for special issues who are willing to act as guest editors are asked to contact the editor to discuss their proposals. As the international commercial environment unfolds, new themes may be added for regular publication as needed.

Users may download or print any document appearing in Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy for their own use. Articles, or any other document appearing in Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy, can be used for non-commercial, educational, and teaching purposes by students and teachers. Use of material to promote free speech, learning, scholarly research, and open discussion is encouraged. The copying or redistribution of articles or any other document in any manner for personal or corporate gain is prohibited.

Any material from an article, editorial, comment, and so on can be excerpted for use by media, academia, business, students, or any other organization as long as full credit is given to the author of the article and to Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy.

Likewise, any table or figure can be reproduced (or excerpted) from Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policyas long as full credit is given to the author and to Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy.

Instructions for authors

The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy encourages authors to submit original scholarly manuscripts on any aspect of international law, trade policy or other areas of international relations that pertain directly to the international commercial or legal environment. Authors from the legal profession, international organizations, governments and the private sector as well as those from the academic community are encouraged to submit their research.

The objective of The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy is to be interdisciplinary and accessible to a wide audience. The editorial board is also aware that excellent research may require complex theoretical development, extensive background material and evidence or the articulation of arguments of logic. To serve both these aspects of scholarly research, the Journal requires that all submitted manuscripts be in the form of a short and complete readable paper (approximately 3600-4500 words). In addition, authors are encouraged to also provide a Technical Annex to their submission that includes the more formal research which supports the paper. The Journal will review and publish both the paper and the technical annex. The editor will not consider submissions that do not conform to the format described above. In particular, no mathematics, graphical analysis or extensive references to legal citations should be included in the paper, to improve its general readability. All such technical analysis can be included in the technical annex and authors are encouraged to provide it.

Authors should provide a brief abstract (approximately 100 words) and up to five keywords, in alphabetical order, at the time of submission.

The Journal does not insist on any particular referencing style, realizing that considerable differences in styles exist between disciplines. Authors should make every effort to ensure that their references are complete. They should refrain from using abbreviations in their references so that all potential readers, who might not be familiar with the conventions of abbreviation that apply in a particular discipline, will be able to locate the material referenced.

In keeping with the Journal's electronic format, all manuscripts must be submitted in electronic form. This will speed the movement of the manuscript through the review and publication process and decrease the lag between submission and publication.

Submissions should include the author's name, title, organization, address, telephone, and e-mail address.

Authors should submit double-spaced documents, 8-1/2 X 11 inch with 1-1/4 inch margins, left justified, 11 point Times or Times New Roman.

The preferred software is Microsoft Word; if you cannot submit in Word, a rich-text file format is acceptable. Please use character formatting, that is, formatting you can do on single characters or words (bold for vectors and matrices, italic for variables, superscript, subscript), but do not use your processor's other special features (auto-footnote placement, hanging indents, and so on).

Simple tables should be integrated into the text; you can use your table editor.

Please submit figures or graphs in GIF or JPEG fomat.

Please number footnotes consecutively throughout the paper, not page by page. Type all footnotes on a separate page following the article.

All submissions should be sent electronically to William A. Kerr, Editor, The Estey Journal of International Law and Trade Policy at estey.j.editor@usask.ca.

Editorial board

Richard R. Barichello
Faculty of Agriculture,
University of British Columbia
Canada

David Blanford
Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Society
Pennsylvania State University
USA

Ryan Cardwell
Department of Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics
University of Manitoba
Canada

James D. Gaisford
Dean of Arts
Thomson Rivers University
Canada

James Gerber
Department of Economics
San Diego State University
USA

Tim Josling
Senior Fellow
Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Stanford University
USA

Kurt K. Klein
Department of Economics
University of Lethbridge
Canada

Ted L. McDorman
Faculty of Law
University of Victoria
Canada

Karl Meilke
School of Agricultural Economics and Business
University of Guelph
Canada

Brian Olson
Agribusiness Chair in Cooperatives and Group Marketing
Department of Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics
University of Manitoba
Canada

Nicholas Perdikis
Professor of International Business
School of Management
Aberystwyth University
United Kingdom

James Rude
Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology
University of Alberta
Canada

Michelle M. Veeman
Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology
University of Alberta
Canada

Crina Viju
Institute of European, Russian, and Eurasian Studies
Carleton University
Canada

Linda M. Young
Department of Political Science
Montana State University
USA

About the Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade

History

The idea of an Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade was conceived some time during the mid-1990’s when the late Willard Z. (Bud) Estey, a retired Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, initiated discussions with the then-Dean of Law at the University of Saskatchewan about his interest in establishing a legacy by raising funds for a Chair in International Trade Law at the University’s College of Law. Mr. Estey was subsequently persuaded to think in terms of a centre with a much broader mandate than simply a Chair, and thus the Centre was created.

Read the full history

Research

2008 – Kerr, W.A., Yeung, M.T., Larson, D.L. and Rasmussen, M. (2008) A Space for Cities in Trade Agreements, Saskatoon, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2004 – Loppacher, L.J. and Kerr, W.A. (2004) The BSE Crisis in Canada: A Trade Perspective on Sanitary Barriers, Saskatoon, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2004 – Loppacher, L.J. and Kerr, W.A. (2004) China’s Biotechnology and Trade – Does it Conform to the WTO?Saskatoon, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2003 – Yeung, M.T. and Kerr, W.A. (2003) Canada and the Australia-US Free Trade Agreement: Enhanced Opportunities or Loss of Special Status?, Saskatoon, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2003 – C.R. Wasylyniuk, K.M. Bessel, W.A. Kerr and J.E. Hobbs (2003) The Evolving International Trade Regime for Food Safety and Environmental Standards: Potential Opportunities and Constraints for the Saskatchewan Beef Industry, Saskatoon, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2002 – Yeung, M.T. and Kerr, W.A. (2002) A New Trade Relationship: Canada and the EU – Forestry, Minerals and Metals, Saskatoon: Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade

2002 – Isaac, G.E, Phillipson, M. and Kerr, W.A. (2002) International Regulation of Trade in the Products of Biotechnology, Estey Centre Research Papers, No. 2, Full Report, Saskatoon: Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2002 – Isaac, G.E, Phillipson, M. and Kerr, W.A. (2002) International Regulation of Trade in the Products of Biotechnology - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, Estey Centre Research Papers, No. 2, Full Report, Saskatoon: Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2001 – Yeung, M.T. and Kerr, W.A. (2001) A Trade Strategy for South East Asia, Saskatoon, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2001 – Annand, M., Buckingham, D.F. and Kerr, W.A. (2001) Export Subsidies and the World Trade Organization, Estey Centre Research Papers, No. 1, Full Report, Saskatoon: Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2001 – Annand, M., Buckingham, D.F. and Kerr, W.A. (2001) Export Subsidies and the World Trade Organization – EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, Estey Centre Studies, No. 1, Saskatoon, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade.

2001 – Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade – Conference Proceedings for NAFTA and Aboriginal Business

2001 - Hobbs, J.E., Boyd, S.L. and Kerr, W.A. (2001) International E-commerce: A Solution to Penetrating Niche Markets for Food?, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, Saskatoon.